Faço SEMPRE este simples teste antes de ENVIAR! Desta forma, posso ter a certeza de que as SEMENTES são boas e de que as EXCLUIRÃO definitivamente

por

Por que verificar a viabilidade das sementes? Isso nos ajuda a economizar trabalho, espaço e solo, e o plantio será muito mais rápido e eficiente.

Anúncios

Quando vale a pena fazer este teste? Quando temos sementes de temporadas anteriores ou compramos frescas de uma fonte não verificada. Mesmo vendedores confiáveis podem escorregar em condições inadequadas de armazenamento ou data de validade, levando a uma redução na capacidade de germinação das sementes.

Além disso, o teste permite selecionar as melhores sementes e ajuda a calcular a dose de semeadura.

A capacidade de germinação das sementes é determinada de várias maneiras, todas as quais podem ser divididas em duas categorias:

  • teste de submersão,
  • teste de pré-germinação.

O período durante o qual as sementes mantêm sua capacidade de germinação varia de cultura para cultura. Sementes de abóbora, melão e pepino permanecem viáveis por mais tempo (6-8 anos).

Um pouco menos (5-7 anos) para milho e feijão. Sementes de ervilha permanecem viáveis por 4-6 anos. As sementes de cebola, salsa e aipo perdem essa capacidade mais rapidamente, após 1-2 anos.

Como verificar a viabilidade das sementes por submersão

A essência deste método é que sementes grandes e completas sempre afundam, enquanto as de menor qualidade, vazias, flutuam.

Para o teste, usamos água limpa ou uma solução de cloreto de sódio (sal) ou permanganato de potássio. As sementes são mergulhadas na solução e misturadas cuidadosamente.

Algumas sementes são cobertas por pelos que podem conter pequenas bolhas de ar. Isso impede que até mesmo sementes boas afundem, mas a mistura ajuda a se livrar dessas bolhas de ar.

Água
Com água limpa, você pode verificar a viabilidade das sementes da maioria das plantas. As sementes são submersas por 10-15 minutos. Em seguida, as sementes flutuantes (ruins) são descartadas e as sementes afundadas, após secagem, são armazenadas para uso posterior ou imediatamente semeadas.

Solução salina
Sementes de repolho, tomate e rabanete são melhor testadas quanto à viabilidade em uma solução salina. Basta dissolver 1 colher de chá de sal de cozinha em 200 ml de água e mergulhar as sementes na solução por 15 minutos.

Após esse período, a água com as sementes flutuantes é despejada e o bom material de semente é lavado com água limpa (você pode colocar as sementes em gaze) e seco ou semeado imediatamente.

Permanganato de potássio
Para o teste de viabilidade, você também pode usar uma solução de permanganato de potássio (a solução deve ser rosa pálida), na qual as sementes são mergulhadas por 10-15 minutos.

Este método é bom porque não apenas ajuda a determinar o grau de germinação das sementes, mas também as desinfeta. Em seguida, procedemos da mesma forma que no caso anterior: lavamos as sementes com água limpa e as secamos ou semeamos imediatamente.

Sementes revestidas não podem ser testadas quanto à viabilidade na água, pois neste caso todas as propriedades úteis da cobertura são destruídas. Para sementes na casca, é melhor usar o segundo método de verificação – pré-germinação.

Como determinar a viabilidade das sementes por pré-germinação
Para determinar a capacidade de germinação das sementes por pré-germinação, as sementes são mergulhadas em um substrato úmido ou em uma superfície úmida de algum material, como papel toalha.

Após um certo tempo (diferente para cada cultura), as boas sementes germinam. A porcentagem de germinação das sementes depende do número de brotos emergentes. Para a germinação de sementes, são utilizados os seguintes materiais:

  • toalhas, tecido, líquen, gaze, algodão, etc.,
  • turfa, areia ou uma mistura de turfa e areia,
  • casca.

Tecido, papel toalha, etc.
Pegamos uma tigela rasa e no fundo colocamos um pano de algodão úmido (gaze, papel toalha, etc.). Em seguida, colocamos as sementes e cobrimos com uma segunda camada do mesmo material, borrifamos com água. A tigela é colocada em um saco plástico e em um local quente. Todos os dias, abrimos para verificar a umidade: o material não deve secar.

Turfa ou areia
Turfa, areia ou uma mistura desses materiais são colocados em recipientes com uma camada de 5-6 cm e umedecidos. Em seguida, sulcos rasos são feitos, nos quais as sementes são colocadas a uma distância de 2 a 3 cm uma da outra e cobertas.

O recipiente é coberto com uma tampa de vidro ou plástico e colocado em um local quente. Nesse caso, você também deve monitorar regularmente a umidade do solo para evitar o ressecamento.

Serragem
A serragem é usada para determinar a viabilidade de sementes grandes – abóbora, pepino, melão, nabo, feijão, ervilha, etc. Antes de iniciar o teste, as aparas (aquelas da loja de animais) são derramadas com água fervente.

Após meia hora, o procedimento é repetido. Em seguida, as aparas úmidas e frias são colocadas em uma panela com uma camada de cerca de 5 cm e as sementes são colocadas sobre elas a cerca de

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